Heating or refrigerating apparatus.



'PATENTED NOV. 5, 1907.

H. NARANJO. HEATING 0R RBFRIGERATING APPARATUS APPLIOATION FILED MAR. 15, 1907.

2. SHEETS-SHEET 1.

N ON Inventor I I v I l v 1 l I x I I I I l l a.

PATENTED NOV. 5, 1907.

H. NARANJO. HEATING 0R REFRIGERATING'APPAR ATUS.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.15, 1907.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

a? Ihvenbov- UNITED STATES PATENT, OFFICE.

HECTOR NARAN atingApparatus, of which the following is a specification. I

My invention relates to apparatus for creating, maintaining and regulating atmospheric temperature in buildings, rooms and other places, more especially designed for-heat systems, whether applied to the heating of a singlestructure or building or to a system having a central plant from which the heat is distributed to a group of buildings or structures as, for example, in

towns and cities; my invention, relates more particularly to the embodiment of a central station at which the heating medium is brought to a proper temperature .and froznwhich the said medium is distributed to the points desired; and finally, the invention relates to, and includes, the adaptation of the apparatus, forming an embodiment of the invention, torefrigerating as well as heating. In the specification and claims,

therefore, I wish it distinctly understood that wherever the terms heating or refrigerating or cooling are used they are not to be taken for words of limitation, as these are interchangeable and merely relative terms, the main function of the apparatus being based upon the principle 01" well recognized heat cxchangers, in which temperature of one medium is altered or changed, that is, either raised or lowered by -the influence of another medium thereupon.

The object of my invention is to provide an apparatus, of the kind above indicated, which shall be simple in construction and effective in operation, and susceptible of adaptation to the heating of a single unit, such as a single building, or to a group of such units constituting a defined portion'of a town or city, or the whole of such town or city, as conditions may warrant; to provide such an apparatus as will be economical in construction and operation, durable in use and 'comparatively easy to install; and one which, with the least changes in existing heating systems in old buildings,

may be applied to the latter as readily as to new buildings or constructions; and, further, to provide such an apparatus, in the operation of which the temperature of the heating or cooling medium may be controlled and regulated at will; and, finally, to so improve heating systems of this class that their adoption for practical use may be insured.

With these general objects in view, my invention consists in the novel construction of apparatus, and in the novel arrangement of parts constituting the system, with the details thereof, as hereinafter described, with reference to the accompanying drawings, and more.

particularly pointed out in the claims.

' Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed Marsh 15. 19(l7. Serial No. 362.510-

JO, OF ALAJ UELA, COSTA RICA HEATING- OR REFRIGERATING APPARATUS.

Patented Nov. 5, 1907 In the drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of one embodiment of my invention; Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section, with certain parts in elevation, of a pair of the air pumps forming a part of my invention; Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional elevation of one of the heat exchangers or furnaces; Fig. 4 is a sectional plan view of a supplementary exchanger forming one element of the system; Fig. 5 is a vertical cross section of the conduit inclosing the air distributing pipe; Fig. 6 is an enlarged sectional detail of an individual reheater, asa modification; and Fig. 7 is a sectional detail of a modified form'of initial heat exchanger; I

Referring to the drawings, in which thesame or like characters relate to the same or corresponding parts in all the views, I will first describe the invention as embodied in a system, wherein a central initial heat exchanging plant is designed to heat or cool'the air and distribute the latter through the system of pipes or conduits to the various buildings or structures comprising the group or groups in the town or city; and, at the proper point I will designate the separate elements which may be utilized in connection with the single unit, the latter meaning a single building or structure. With special reference to Fig. 1, the numerals '1, 2, 3, and 4, indicate a; series of pumps or compressors, preferably connected in pairs-and of the single acting'reciprocating type, or of any other suit- 'able type, rotary or reciprocating. The piston 5 (see Fig. 2) of each pump is driven by any suitable means,- as by a crank disk 9, connected by a rod 7 with the piston rod 6 of each piston, and mounted on a suitable shaft 10 driven from any suitable source of power through a pulley 11. The crank pins on the disk are located aboutv 180 degrees apart to insure alternate action of the pumps'in drawing in the air and compressing the same. Each pump is provided with an inwardly opening inlet valve 12 located near the discharge end of the pump cylinder, and closed by the pressure of the compressed air on the active stroke of the piston. A discharge pipe 13 leads from the closed end of the cylinder to a common discharge pipe 15; interposed in the branches of each cylinder is an outwardly opening check-valve 14 of common type closing against the pressure from the discharge pipe 16 and opening underthe force of the compressed air as it is being driven 100 from the respective cylinders by the pistons 5.

In the common discharge pipe 15 of each pair of pumps is formed a helical coil 16, inclosed in a heating chamber or furnace 17 provided with an ordinary grate 26, from which latter the products of combustion pass upwardly around the said coil 16 and are directed by a suitable bafile plate 27 frombelow, around andabove said coil, thence downwardly through a smoke passage or flue 28, extending horizontally along the rear of each of the heating chambers and discharge into a chimney for example, as a hot water supply where the heated 29. Any form of heating apparatus may be used, the furnace being illustrated as a simple example, and, of course, either a gas or coal, or other iuel furnace may be used, according to the local conditions. i interposed in the pipe 15 between the initial chamher or exchanger and the pump is a manometer 24 for determining the pressure of the air passing through pipe 15, while on the other side of coil 16 is the thermometer 25 for indicating thetemperature of the air in the pipe 15, through which the said air passes toward the distributing system. i While, in some cases, it may be sufficient to direct the l air from the initial heating chamber or exchanger to the point of delivery, it is advantageousfbecause of the better control and regulation of the temperature I of the air, to lead the same through a supplemental or auxiliary heating chamber or exchanger, asingle one ofsuch. chambers beingv suflicient to receive the discharge from a plurality of initial heating chambers or exchangers. Such. a supplemental or auxiliary chamber is indicated by numeral 19, which designates the inclosing casing surrounding a cylinder. 18, the latter receiving the air from the pipes 15 at one end, from all of. the heating chambers or exchangers, anddischarging it into the maindistributing pipe 20 at the other end. Anannular space 35 surrounds the cylinder '18 which may communicate through valved pipes 34 and '35 with any suitable source of liquid supply, such,

air is to be maintained at a sufficient temperature for. heating purposes, orwi-th a reirigerating liquid supply where the-air is to be cooled. Under some conditions, a cooling agent in solid form may be desirable, in which instance the same mayv be introduced into the space 35 and. the supply replenished, from time to time, through an opening in the sideoi the chamber 19, closed by manhole plate'36. I i I X The main distributing pipe or conduit 20 leads from the central plant, as above described, towards .the points in directiondesired, as, for example, along differ ent streets of a town or city from which extend branch supply pipes 21. From each of the latter extend branch plpes 22 into the room or building that is to'be served- With the temperature controlling medium, controlling Valves 23 being suitably'placed in said pipesas indicated. The main conduit or pipe 20 and thebranch supply pipes 22 are located: in ditches below the surface of the ground and, preferably, suspended within an inclosing nonconducting casing 300i tile, terra cotta or'rthe like,.byineans of= straps 31. The space surrounding. the said conduits or conveying pipes may, if' desired, be filled with a nonconducting material, but ordinarily the air space will be sufficient. It will be notedi that the main. pipe 20 tapers from'the central plant towards'points farthest therefrom, so that, as the supply is drawn from points intermediate those farther away and the central plant, the capacity of the main supply pipe is reduced, thus diminishing, to some extentthe tendency of expansionof the air as the volume decreasesa't the distant points. i V

Th'ebra-nch pipes 22 are intended to be connected to the hot air ducts in the building or structure, which are supplied with any suitable form of damper or valves of common type, and, forming no part of the present invention, are not shown in the drawings. Sometimes it may be desirable to distribute the air in buildings or rooms in fine streams, in which easea rose jet 22 may be attached to the discharge pipe.

In some instances, where the refrigerating effect is I especially desired, I employ, in lieu of the heating chamber or exchanger 17, a cooling-chamber 17" inclosing the coil 16 and supplied by a suitable pipe 17 where the hot air is to be delivered to pointsoi great distance from the central plant, 1' preferably" employreheating devices, located at suitable intervals, soarranged as to maintain a better control of the tempera 1 ture of hot air, as'shown in Figs. 1 and h. lln these"- figures, l7 indicates a housing in the area way, or in a convenient point, near the house or'building, and: provided with a door 32 and an escape opening 32* for products of combustion. This housing, it willbe noted,

is above ground and incloses a coil pipe 32 to which. water is supplied by pipe 32* from the usual water supply system, the delivery 32 oi said coilpassing below- ;the ground and passing into aheat exchanging chamber 19 surrounding the conduit or pipe 20. A discharge pipe 32* leads from the .opposite end of said" chamber and terminates in a discharge slightly abovethe ground and below the inlet pipe 32. The water circulating through the coil 32 is heated by a suitable gas burner 33,

the products of combustion of which passout through the opening 32. These reheaters, or auxiliary heaters, serve to maintain the temperature of air at the desired point, and are especially useful in very cold climates; moreover, their use makes it possible for individual users to heattheair to different points, as some users may wish to have a temperature for example, 65 degrees and others at 79 degrees, and so on.

While I have shown and described the-central plant as embodying pairs of single acting-pumps, my invention is not limited thereto, as a double acting pump may be utilized instead of: two single acting as'shown, or it may even be possible to use one single acting-pump; so, also, may different kinds of air compressors-be sub-- stituted for the reciprocating pumps, taken here simply as a convenient example. Again, a; pluralityoii initial? heating chambers may give place to a single such chamber, and a plurality of supplementary heating cham be'rs' be-substituted fora single one, though the latter, for" economical reasons, is preferable, and similar cons ditions apply to the reheating chambers and there' frigerating or cooling chambers. It is also to be noted that my invention is capable of application not only to buildings, mines, and other places, but to ships, and

especially so whenfruitsor other perishable'goods'are' transported, the drying or heating and refrigerating; effects being utilized, as desired.

L It is-further obvious that various changesmay be 1. In a heating apparatus, the comblnatlon with. meansfor compressing air, of means for distributing the said all to the place of use, comprising a main conduit and oneor more branch conduits leading therefrom, an: initial hea't" exchanger at a central station for receiving the compressed air from the compressing means, a supplementary heat exchanger under control of the central station and arranged to receive the air from said initial heat exchanger'on its way to the distributing system. and to discharge the said air directly into the main conduit, substantially as described.

2. in a heating apparatus, the combination with means for eompressh'ig air. comprising; a plurality of air coinr sing devices. of means for distributing said air to the lace o use. and l heat exchanger, comprising a plurality ot heat exchangers located-between the compr ing means and said place of use for imparting the desired tempera ture. thereto and all communicating with the main dis irilmting conduit oi. the system, substantially as described.

3. in a heating apparatus. the combination with means for compressing air. cmiiprisiiig a plurality of air compressing devices. oi means for distributing said air to the place ot use. and a heat ext-hunger, comprising a plurality of initial heat exchangers located between the compressing means and said place oi" use for imparting the desired temperature thereto. and a supplementary heat exchanger arranged to receive the air from all of said initial heat. ex-

changers on the way to the distributing system, substantially as described. 4

-l. in a heating apparatus, the combination with means for compressing air, eomprising'a plurality of air compress in; devices. of means for distributing said air to the place of use. and a heat exchanger, comprising a plurality of initial heat exchangers located between the compressing means and said place of use for imparting the desired telnpcrnlure thereto. and a supplementary heat exchanger arranged to receive the air from all of.said initial exchangers on its way to the distributing system, said distributing system comprisinga main conduit with suitable branch conduits lending to the points of delivery, substantially as described.

In a heating apparatus, the combination with an air compressing means. of a distributing system connected therewith comprising one or more conduits arranged to distribute the air to the place or places of use, a heat ex- (hanging means comprising a plurality of heat exchangers interposed between the compressing means and distributin: system. a conduit connecting said heat exchangerscomprising an initial heat exchanger for receiving the airfrom the compressing means, and a supplementary heat exchanger connected to said initial heat exchanger and to the main conduit, and one or more individual reheaters located in the distributing system near the place or places of use, comprising a heater supplied with a fluid medium, 'and a casing surrounding the conduit through which said liuid medium circulates, substantially as described.

7. In a heating apparatus, the combination with an air compressing means of the distributing system connected therewith comprising a main conduit and one or more branch conduits arranged to distribute the air to the place or places of use, and heat exchanging means interposed between the compressing means and distributing system, comprising an initial heat exchanger for receiving the air from the compressing means, and a supplementary heat exchanger connected to said initial heat exchanger and to the main conduit, and one or more individual reheaters located in the distributing system near the place or places of use, comprising a heater above the surface of the ground supplied with a fluid medium, and a casing surrounding the conduit through which said fluid circulates, substantially as described.

s. in a heating apparatus, the combination with air compressing means comprising a plurality of air compressing devices, of an initial heat exchanger comprising a plurality of heat exchanging units receiving air from said compressing devices at a central station, one or more supplementary heat exchangers under control of the central station receiving the air from said initial heat exchanger, a distributing system connected thereto for distributing the said air from the same, and a conduit connecting said supplementary heat exchanger or exchangers with the distributing system, substantially as described.

9. -In a heating apparatus, the combination with air compressing means, comprising a plurality of air compressing devicesfof an'initial heat exchanger comprising a plurality of heat exchanging units receiving air from said compressing devices at a central station, one or more supplementary heat exchangers receiving theair from said initial heat exchanger, a distributing system connected thereto for distributing the said air from the same, and

' one or more reheating devices located in said distributing system near theplace or places of use as substantially described.

' In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HECTOR NARANJO. 

